Patterns of Insomnia in Cases of New Onset Depression Visiting Psychiatry OPD of Tertiary Level Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is one of the common mental disorders, ranked third among causes of YLDs (Years Lived with Disability) in both developed and developing countries (GBD 2015). Insomnia is one of the commonest symptoms of depression, though often under-detected and undertreated. This study aims to identify prevalence of insomnia in cases of new onset depression as well as severity of insomnia and quality of sleep.

Methods: A total of 101 patients, visiting the psychiatry OPD of TUTH, IOM and diagnosed as new onset depression, were selected by non-probablity purposive sampling method, after meeting inclusion criteria and informed consent being obtained. The duration of study was 1 year. The semi-structured proforma was filled by the interviewer. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess of severity of depression. Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to screen for insomnia and then severity of insomnia was assessed using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Quality of sleep was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results: Insomnia was observed in 90.1% of patients with depression. Early insomnia was seen in 71.3% of patients, mid insomnia in 70.3% of patients and late insomnia in 45.6% of patients. 88.1 % of participants were found to be poor sleepers, and 11.9% good sleepers.

Conclusion: Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between severity of depression and severity of insomnia (r=0.740, p<0.05) and between severity of depression and PSQI score (r= 0.556, p<0.05).