Factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Adults: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a preventable global health problem, is growing tremendously. The increasing prevalence necessitates escalation of the programs run to control it. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults.

Methods

A hospital-based case-control design was utilized selecting 67 incident type 2 diabetic cases and 67 age-sex matched non-diabetic controls using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by interviewing in-person using WHO STEPs instrument version 3.2 and Sleep Hygiene Index from 17^th September to 14^th of October 2023 AD. Data were entered into SPSS version 21. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to study the associated variables.

Results

Adults who had a family history of diabetes were 4 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes (AOR=4.018, 95% CI=1.477-10.931, p=0.006). More than half (53.70%) of the cases and only 13.40% of controls had an altered lipid profile which contributed 7 times more to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (AOR=6.816, 95% CI=2.255-20.601, p=0.001). The risk for developing type 2 diabetes decreased by 81.1% for those who drank black tea as compared to those who did not drink tea (AOR=0.189, 95% CI= 95% CI=0.043-0.836, p=0.03).

Conclusion

Having a family history of diabetes and altered lipid profile are associated with type 2 diabetes. Drinking black tea is protective against type 2 diabetes. Early screening along with lifestyle modification should be encouraged for high-risk individuals.